Occupational Health and Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Word related Health and Safety - Essay Example As indicated by the creator, smoking bans are a piece of open approaches, which remember criminal laws and guidelines for word related wellbeing and security denying tobacco smoking in work environments or other open spaces. Besides, sans smoke laws are exclusively intended to shield laborers from the unsafe impacts of smoke from recycled sources. These impacts incorporate higher danger of malignant growth, heart illnesses, emphysema among others. The creator attests that laws forbidding indoor smoking have been actualized by numerous nations, with most nations refering to proof to set up the destructive impacts of tobacco to smokers and inhalers of recycled smoke. Some portion of the proof delivered to build up the destructive impacts of smoking at work environments incorporate an investigation directed in 2002 by WHO’s International Agency for Research on Cancer, which uncovered that non-smokers are similarly presented to cancer-causing agents as dynamic smokers seem to be. The examination additionally demonstrated that side-stream smoke has 69 known cancer-causing agents and radioactive rot items. What's more, examine by tobacco organizations has demonstrated that entrenched cancer-causing agents are profoundly gathered in side-stream than standard smoke. The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) gives laborers the option to appreciate a sheltered working environment liberated from risks. OSHA has air quality measures. Tobacco smoke, in any case, barely surpasses these cutoff points. In extraordinary circumstances â€, for example, when tobacco smoke blends in with another airborne part in the working environment †OSHA principles could be surpassed in this manner requiring the business to address the circumstance. A few claims have been documented looking for business pay for smoke risks. The present position is that OSHA doesn't control introduction to tobacco smoke; state laws do. The creator might be on the bleeding edge in upholding without smoke work environments, however he neglected to think about the potential negative marks of the equivalent. Right off the bat, sans smoke working environments will require an adjustment in specialist propensities, which

Access Restrictions to Social Security Death Index

Access Restrictions to Social Security Death Index The Social Security Death Master File, kept up by the US Social Security Administration (SSA), is a database of death records gathered from an assortment of sources utilized by the SSA to oversee their projects. This incorporates demise data gathered from relatives, memorial service homes, budgetary establishments, postal specialists, States and other Federal offices. The Social Security Death Master File is certainly not an exhaustive record of all passings in the United States-only a record of those passings answered to the Social Security Administration. The SSA keeps up two forms of the Death Master File (DMF): Theâ full fileâ contains all demise records extricated from the SSA database, including passing information got from the States, and is imparted uniquely to certain Federal and State offices according to segment 205(r) of the Social Security Act.The public fileâ (commonly alluded to as the Social Security Death Index, or SSDI), starting at 1 November 2011, doesâ notâ include shielded passing records got from the States.  According to the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), which scatters the Death Master File, â€Å"Section 205(r) of the Act precludes SSA from uncovering state passing records SSA gets through its agreements with the states, aside from in restricted circumstances.† This change evacuated approximatelyâ 4.2 million of the 89 million passings around then contained in the open Death Master File (Social Security Death Index), and roughly 1 million less passings are presently included each year. At a similar time, the Social Security Agency lik ewise quit including the decedent’s private state and Zip code in the open document (SSDI). Why the Changes to the Public Social Security Death Index? The 2011 changes to the Social Security Death Index started with a Scripps Howard News Service examination in July 2011, that grumbled about people utilizing Social Security Numbers for perished people discovered online to submit expense and credit misrepresentation. Huge lineage administrations which offered access to the Social Security Death Index were focused as assisting with sustaining the extortion identified with utilization of government managed savings numbers for expired people. In November 2011, GenealogyBank expelled government managed savings numbers from their free U.S. Government disability Death Index database, after two clients grumbled their protection was abused when the Social Security Administration dishonestly recorded them as expired. In December 2011, after a request sent to the five biggest lineage administrations who gave online access to the SSDI, by U.S. Senators Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio), Richard Blumenthal (D-Connecticut), Bill Nelson (D-Fl orida) and Richard J. Durbin (D-Illinois), Ancestry.com expelled all entrance to the famous, free form of the SSDI that had been facilitated on RootsWeb.com for longer than 10 years. They likewise evacuated standardized savings numbers for people who kicked the bucket inside the previous 10 yearsâ from the SSDI database facilitated behind their participation divider on Ancestry.com,â due to sensitivities around the data in this database. The Senators December 2011 appeal encouraged organizations to expel and no longer post on your site perished people Social Security numbers since they accept that the advantages gave by making the Death Master File promptly accessible online are extraordinarily exceeded by the expenses of unveiling such close to home data, and that ...given the other data accessible on your site complete names, birth dates, demise dates  Social Security numbers give little advantage to people undertaking to find out about their familial history. While the letter surrendered that posting the Social Security numbers isn't unlawful under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), it likewise proceeded to bring up that legitimateness and appropriateness are not something very similar. Sadly, these 2011 limitations werent the finish of the progressions to free to the Social Security Death Index. As per law went in December 2013 (Section 203 of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013), access to data contained in the Social Security Administration’s Death Master File (DMF) is currently restricted for a multi year time span starting on the date of an individual’s demise to approved clients and beneficiaries who meet all requirements for accreditation. Genealogists and others can no longer demand duplicates of government disability applications (SS-5) for people who have kicked the bucket inside the previous three years under the Freedom of Information (FOI) Act. Ongoing passings are likewise excluded from the SSDI until three years after the date of death. Where You Can Still Access the Social Security Death Index Online

Theories of Leadership - Free Essay Example

AMERICAN HISTORY A special skill for a particular situation is a factor that is considered to be one of the greatest determinants of leadership in comparison to the other listed factors. In our case leadership can be referred to as both a research area as well as a practical skill which surrounds the ability the ability of an individual or an organization to direct other individuals, teams as well as the whole organization. Theories involving traits, situational interaction function, and intelligence among others have been yielded as a result of studies of leadership carried out. In this regard, leadership is seen as a matter of intelligence, trustworthiness, humaneness, courage among others. Once these are not exercised in unison you find that desired results of leadership cannot be realized fully. For instance, you will realize that dependence of intelligence alone may result to rebelliousness (Northouse and Peter 123). This is a clear indicator that for one to be recognized as a complete leader he or she should possess all the five virtues together in which each is ideal to its task. There are those researchers who begun to synthesize the trait as well as situational approaches.   For instance, relying on the works of Lewin et al, academics started to regularize the leadership models which are perceived to be descriptive like climates defining three styles of leadership as well as realizing which situations each style performs better in. when it comes to group, in-group members are seen by the head as having attributes of competency, experience as well as the ability to presume duty in comparison to other followers. The head will in return begin relying on these individuals in order offer assistance on tasks which are challenging. In the case where there is good response from the devotee, there is the likelihood of the leader rewarding him by offering him/her better job tasks to undertake, develo pmental experiences as well as extra coaching. In the event where the devotee shows high commitment as well as effort which is followed by extra rewards, the two parties are likely to develop trust, support for one another as well as influence. Research portrays that in-group members majorly achieve higher evaluations from the leader in terms of performance among other incentives (Schein and Edgar, pp 45)

The Oil And Natural Gas Industries - 1686 Words

Around the globe, the oil and natural gas industries are a major part of stable and growing economies, as well as, the individual lives of most people. As individuals we use it to run our vehicles, heat our homes, cook, and much more. Economies, on the other hand, rely on the oil and natural gas industries for the jobs they create, the product they supply, and the added value created by government revenues. In 2011, these industries in the United States made up 5.6 percent of the nation’s total employment, providing $394 billion in labor income (6-15, American Petroleum Institute). They also contributed an estimated $410.3 billion to the nation’s economy through wages, capital spending, and dividends totaling 7.1 percent of the United States’ gross domestic product (GDP) (25-26, American Petroleum Institute). Those percentages may not seem like much alone, but when you consider that one industry, out of hundreds in the United States, makes up those numbers, they seem a lot larger. During the 1990’s, oil and natural gas production had hit a snag spreading worry that the U.S. would become reliant on foreign imports (Inman). One of the world’s leading countries in the industry were beginning to fear the end of a resource that they relied so heavily on. As traditional oil and gas endeavors began depleting their resources the oil and natural gas industries were forced to find a new source of extraction if they were to continue producing fossil fuels at the same rate. This newShow MoreRelatedThe Oil And Natural Gas Industry On The Us Economy905 Words   |  4 PagesOil Products The demand for natural resources and other earthly materials continue to rise exponentially throughout the world, especially due to rising populations. Some issues that are in support of fracking include having the opportunity to access an alternative source of fuel, creates more jobs in the oil and gas industry, lowers taxes for Americans by using domestic oil, helps to make certain countries less dependent on others for their resources, stimulates the economy, and also helps to improveRead MoreThe Impact of Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Oklahoma999 Words   |  4 PagesThe main thing in natural gas is methane. Millions of years ago, decaying remains of plants and animals piled up into thick layers. This stuff is called organic material (it was once alive). Over time, the sand/silt changed to rock, covered the organic material, and trapped it beneath the rock. Press/heat changed some of it to coal, oil, and natural gas; tiny little bubbles of odorless gas. Geologists, study the structure and processes of the Earth. They locate the types of rock that mightRead MoreInformation About Oil And Natural Gas Extraction Industry1373 Words   |  6 PagesSeptember 18, 2014 Subject: Information about Oil and Natural Gas Extraction Industry This Report requested by the principal financial investor, Dr. Maria D. Davidson, includes information required to make an informed decision on whether or not to diversify into the Oil and Natural Gas Extraction industry. The Oil and Natural Gas Extraction industry is involved in the processes required to find and extract crude oil and natural gas. The Oil and Natural Gas industry has performed well in recent years despiteRead MoreChesapeake Energy Operates Under The Natural Oil And Gas Industry878 Words   |  4 PagesClients Industry and Industry Risk Chesapeake Energy operates under the natural oil and gas industry. While government’s economic data may separate operations within this industry, the industry covers a broad range of activities and is separated into three segments: upstream, downstream, and midstream. Activities within this industry by oil and gas companies include exploring for crude oil or natural gas, drilling into wells, and such transportation of oil and natural gas. Just as any other industryRead MoreOil Drilling and Gas Extraction Industry in the US Analysis1242 Words   |  5 PagesConnor Sims, Associate SUBJECT: Oil Drilling amp; Gas Extraction Industry in the US Analysis (21111) This report presents information regarding the industry, the primary operator of oil and gas field properties. The industry fuels its key buyers, the Natural Gas Distribution (22121) and the Petroleum Refining (32411) industries, with crude oil and natural gas. The industry continuously battles a shortage of available oil. In addition, many major oil fields have been in use for decades, slowlyRead MoreThe Economic Report On Fracking, Is It Worth It?1465 Words   |  6 Pagesforeign oil and natural gas has created a vulnerability affecting our national security and economic stability. Up until this past decade there was an appreciable decline in our oil and natural gas production in the US and we were tied to world market price fluctuations. Oil prices and natural gas prices rose and fell based on OPEC’s and other large oil and natural gas producers’ production and pricing decisions. Beginning in 2005, things began to change in the US oil and natural gas industry. N ewRead MoreGranite Oil Corporation Case Study1336 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive Summary: This report outlines Granite Oil Corporation’s key strategic objectives and mission for value creation, external environment, organizational design, its competitive advantages, applications to course material and comparisons to other similar companies it is in competition with. Table of Contents Introduction Granite Oil Corporation is a relatively small public corporation dealing in exploration for andRead MoreAmerica s Need For Black Gold1221 Words   |  5 PagesBlack Gold In 1973, in the wake of conflict in the Middle East, US drivers were feeling the repercussions with every gallon of gasoline and oil that they consumed. The members of OPEC placed an oil embargo on the US and several other nations because of their aid to the Israeli military. This embargo greatly pressured the US, who was highly dependent on foreign oil. In the aftermath of this crisis, President Nixon called for the increased energy production to avoid this problem in the future. Yet, inRead MoreOverview of the Natural Gas Industry1714 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Natural Gas Industry Employee Cover Letter I am currently working as a natural gas regulator assistant inspector on a full-time basis. Basically this position required me to work in a formal apprenticeship, and I was trained and became familiarized with all the important particulars of this job. What my trainers made very clear to me is the importance of workers in the natural gas industry having a deep understanding of all the implications relating to safety. There have been some catastrophicRead MoreOil Prices And The World Wide Recession1301 Words   |  6 Pagesother, companies industries, like mobile device production, Social Network Service and cigarette production, somehow managed to survive and have been doing great performances so far. Many industries prospering and emerging, are industries with high technology products with online services. To be specific, thanks to technology in the oil industry, there was the incredible method to get oil such as sail oil, which made a big change in this industry. According to an article of oil price, the U.S crude

The Classical School And The Positivist School - 881 Words

In this paper I will be addressing and discussing the two schools of criminology, which respectively are the classical school and the positivist school. I will begin by comparing and contrasting the historical background of both schools using the founders of each school. I will then continue the paper by comparing their assumptions, their findings and their key policy implications. I will do this by explaining each school’s purpose and goal. I will then argue and explain how the classical school is respectively stronger than the positivist school for being straight forward, concise and unbiased. Criminology earliest development traces back to the early 1700s, however did not fully bloom until the 1800s when criminal laws were being made and enforced (Altrichter, 2015). With this in mind, the first school to be developed through criminology was the classical school. The classical school was founded upon the thoughts and ideas of Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham (Altrichter, 2 015). Cesare Beccaria implicated the idea that a crime is to be punished depending on its severity and rather not the criminal (Altrichter, 2015). Jeremy Bentham contributed to the classical school by stating that through a series of weighing the pleasure and pains of their results, this would increase or decrease the chances that a criminal would create a crime (Altrichter, 2015). The most notable idea that developed through the classical school is that criminals have a free will and can thinkingShow MoreRelatedA Discussion On Classical School And Positivist817 Words   |  4 Pagestheory? What makes up a good theory? What criteria are used by scholars to evaluate theory and research? Also an outlining on reliability and validity, and identify different measurement used in criminal justice. Last a discussion about classical school and positivist will also be presented. A. In the book â€Å"Criminological Theories† written by Akers Sellers, describes theory as â€Å"An effective theory that helps to make sense of facts, we already know and can be tested against new facts† (2013, p. 1)Read MoreCompare and Contrast the Classical and Positivist School of Criminology872 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and contrast the ideas of Classical criminologist (e.g. Beccaria and Bentham) with those of the early Positivist (e.g. Lombroso, Ferri Garofolo). Introduction During the mid to late seventeenth century explanations of crime and punishment were embraced by many philosophers Thomas Hobbs (1588-1679), John Locke (1632-1704), and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) and such theorist as Beccaria (1738), an Italian who was highly recognised by his great success through his essay ’Dei delittiRead MoreThe Classical School Of Thought1327 Words   |  6 PagesThese concepts in include the positivist vs. the classical schools of thought, changes in our understandings of what causes victimisation over time, official vs. unofficial data and the different definitions of crime. These concepts show how the discovery of the victim and the shift in focus from the offender to the offence from the past 30 years has changed the understandings of what the reasoning behind what causes crime. The positivist vs. the classical schools of thought: Modern CriminologyRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology1485 Words   |  6 Pages1. Answer the following with respect to classical school of criminology: A. Discuss the historical context of the origins (emergence) of this perspective.   When did it arise?   Was it a response to any previous perspectives? The classical school of criminology is foundationally based upon the history of crime and punishment. Throughout history, crime was dealt with in an extremely harsh and inhumane manner. Criminals and suspected criminals were quartered, burnt at the stake, tortured, and subjectedRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1608 Words   |  7 Pagesbehaviour through the three different criminological schools of thought: classical, positivist, and sociological. There are a number of concepts of crime including human nature, the society, social contract, the law, and punishment. The central concepts of the classical school of thought is that people are egotistical, rational, motivated by pain and pleasure, people choose their behaviour, and behaviour can be modified by fear of punishment. The classical theory focuses on crime and the law, deterrenceRead MoreQuiz 1 Essay1068 Words   |  5 Pageschanging and with the media influencing our upbringing and beliefs this will influence the crime trends. 3. Which Classical School theorist do you think contributed the most to the advancement of criminological theory? Explain why you choose that particular theorist over the other Classical School theorist of the time? I believe that Beccaria contributited the most to the classical school of thinking. As we can see today some of his theories still hold true. People should be treated equally and punishedRead MoreClassical Theory And Psychological Positivism1557 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough the annals of Criminology. The modern crime depicted in the scenario portrays the dual aspects of both the offender as an individual and the offense of robbing a local convenience store. This scenario may be analysed through the two schools of Classical theory and Psychological Positivism, relating to the perpetual debate that has sparked the revisionist stream of criminological theories which has culminated in the conception and treatment of crime by the modern criminal justice system. TheRead MoreTh e Pros And Cons Of The Classical School Of Criminology791 Words   |  4 PagesThe Classical school of criminology can be known as the free will to act at one’s own discretion, where an individual chooses to break the law upon a desirable choice. The Classical emphasizes how the system was organized, punishments for crime, and how authorities should react to crime. On the other hand, positivist school was created to see what influences an individual to break the laws, based on human beings’ behavior. Positivist school is simply trying to analyze who, what, and how crime isRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology1216 Words   |  5 Pagesmost famous schools of that are Classical Theory and Biological/Positivist Theory. These theories contain insights to why people commit crimes and the most effective way to deal with these individuals and eventually reduce the crime rate. This paper will discuss how these schools of thought compare to each other, the Christian W orldview and to United States current criminal justice system. The first step to compare these theories is to better understand them. The Classical School of CriminologyRead MoreCriminology And The Main Schools Of Thought, Classicism And Positivism971 Words   |  4 PagesThe study of criminology has emerged during the last two centuries and it is, as such, one of the youngest social sciences. This essay will explore the history of criminology and discuss two of the main schools of thought, classicism and positivism. While humanity has always been concerned with philosophical questions such as â€Å"Who am I?† (Plato) the search for answers has become more concrete and accessible during the era of Enlightenment. As society began to gradually turn away from the church

Assistant By Malamuds Essay Example For Students

Assistant By Malamuds Essay In this book it is Franks constant resemblance to St. Francis Of Assisi, and Franks subtle conversion to Judaism. The most important religious symbol in the book is St. Francis. Frank Alpines name two important connotations: It suggests an affinity with St. Francis of Assisi and also refers to mountain heights beyond the Timberline. Frank has vivid memories of learning about St. Francis. His desires to be like St. Francis emphasizes only one half of his divided character, because he is both a saint and a sinner in a way. Which gives him an alter ego in the novel. Ward Minogue is Franks devil and his angels are Morris and Helen. Frank doesnt practice religion like a dedicated man, he is catholic because he came up that way, but at the end of the novel there is a strange twist because he gets circumcised! And becomes a Jew. He suddenly converted religions. This reminds me of Homers epic poem The Odyssey because like Odysseus Frank changes to try to become a better person also like St. Francis of Assisi. This is a touching story but there is still some humor in it. The main reason for him to convert was so that Helen could accept him, but he also wants to acknowledge that he is no different from Jews, and that he is willing to live among them even if Helen doesnt want to. This is the reason it is humorous because he finds out that he can be a Jew because he shares a fundamental humanity with them. According to Morris he was becoming a Jew long before his official conversion. St. Francis of Assisi has something to do with Franks conversion but it is of very little importance. Frank experiences change through suffering almost like a human saint. This can also go for the Jews who suffered for many things. St. Francis is also an important factor because even his name compares: Frank-Francis and Alpine-Assisi. It is like they are both coming from the same place or growing out of the same branch in a twisted, eerie like way. This is also a sign of good writing because it is the author that gives us these feelings. I believe that frank is a figure of a saint going through certain changes that make him more of a better person. Franks subtle conversion to Judaism was fortified by the good writing of Malamud. He did it on the last page and on the last line even though there was some foreshadowing. He leaves us in suspense. The circumcision and such gave it away in a nice mood.

Not Poor, Just Broke Essay Example

Not Poor, Just Broke Paper I learned most emotions from school. You would think I would have learned most of my feelings from my home life, but I think my parents did the best they could to cover them up and make it seem like everything was fine and dandy. I grew up in a museum of sorts, or a playhouse. Everything was staged and we had to act in a proper manner to make it look like we had a perfect life. When my mom was upset, she would pull herself together in a moments time and say we need to â€Å"keep up appearances† so no one was the wiser. I would pay close attention to my parents to try and iscover how they really felt, but they were remarkable actors. So I became a player, performing in my own life as well. It was in school where I learned what real emotion was. And how to handle it. How do you pretend one way when you feel another way? I would imagine that is why some of the other kids act out. They are in a certain life, pretending to be something they are not but don’t want to let on t o the truth of their real emotions. I remember this other student who went to school with me. I felt bad for him most of the time because he always came to school kind f dirty and shabby. His family barely had any money and I don’t think his father was around. One day in class, there was a big scene when the teacher made it a point to single him out as a needed student and mention that everyone knows he doesn’t have a father. I’m not sure about his family but he seemed to just barely be holding it together. The teacher picked on him a lot, which I know bothered him. It bothered me as well. I felt sad for Page 2 of 2 him, but then I would remember my mother and trying to keep up appearances. He had a crush on my friend. I don’t think e knew that we all knew he liked her. I felt ashamed that we would make fun of him behind his back and call him names. I think back about how I use to act differently with my friends at school than I did at home. I wish I had learned more from my patents because I know now that most of my childhood friends were not the best influence on my developing emotions. That day when the teacher picked on him, I felt asha med. But I just kept smiling and pretending nothing was wrong. I wish I would have reached out to him and been a little more nice. It was a lesson well learned. We will write a custom essay sample on Not Poor, Just Broke specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Not Poor, Just Broke specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Not Poor, Just Broke specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Free Essays on Lunar Calander

Ancient Calendars: All ancient calendars were lunar calendars. The practice of starting a month at the first sighting of a new moon was observed not only by Romans but by Celts and Germans in Europe and by Babylonians and Hebrews in the Lavant. The new moons were sighted after either 29 or 30 days. If clouds obscured vision on the 29th day, that month was declared to have 30 days. This is still done for the Islamic Calendar. When human civilization excelled in agriculture, there was a need for having a calendar that repeats the seasons so that it would help sowing and harvesting on repeated calendar dates. This calendar was established based on rotation of the earth around the sun. Early estimates of this rotation was 360 days, so the first solar calendar was invented having 12 months of 30 days each. Some civilizations invented a lunisolar calendar which basically had lunar months based on new crescent moons but were adding days or a month to be decided by priests/rabiis wherever and whenever they felt to satisfy social and religious needs to keep their calendar in phase with seasons. This practice of adding days or a 13th month was called "Intercalation". Babylonian Calendar: Around 1800 B.C. Babylonians were using strictly lunar calendar based on the visible new crescent but somewhere between 1100 B.C and 800 B.C. a lunisolar calendar was adopted using intercalation which was haphazard. Some sources report that during the reign of the Babylonian king Nebuchadenezzar II (630 B.C. - 562 B.C.) priest/experts discontinued their practice of looking for the new moon and adopted a 365 day calendar of 12 months of 30 days each, with five days added at the end of the year. Hindu Calendar: Hindus have both solar and lunisolar calendars. In the Hindu solar calendar month is 30 or 31 days and begins on the day of first sunrise after the calculated time of the mean sun's entry into the next zodiacal sign. If the calc... Free Essays on Lunar Calander Free Essays on Lunar Calander Ancient Calendars: All ancient calendars were lunar calendars. The practice of starting a month at the first sighting of a new moon was observed not only by Romans but by Celts and Germans in Europe and by Babylonians and Hebrews in the Lavant. The new moons were sighted after either 29 or 30 days. If clouds obscured vision on the 29th day, that month was declared to have 30 days. This is still done for the Islamic Calendar. When human civilization excelled in agriculture, there was a need for having a calendar that repeats the seasons so that it would help sowing and harvesting on repeated calendar dates. This calendar was established based on rotation of the earth around the sun. Early estimates of this rotation was 360 days, so the first solar calendar was invented having 12 months of 30 days each. Some civilizations invented a lunisolar calendar which basically had lunar months based on new crescent moons but were adding days or a month to be decided by priests/rabiis wherever and whenever they felt to satisfy social and religious needs to keep their calendar in phase with seasons. This practice of adding days or a 13th month was called "Intercalation". Babylonian Calendar: Around 1800 B.C. Babylonians were using strictly lunar calendar based on the visible new crescent but somewhere between 1100 B.C and 800 B.C. a lunisolar calendar was adopted using intercalation which was haphazard. Some sources report that during the reign of the Babylonian king Nebuchadenezzar II (630 B.C. - 562 B.C.) priest/experts discontinued their practice of looking for the new moon and adopted a 365 day calendar of 12 months of 30 days each, with five days added at the end of the year. Hindu Calendar: Hindus have both solar and lunisolar calendars. In the Hindu solar calendar month is 30 or 31 days and begins on the day of first sunrise after the calculated time of the mean sun's entry into the next zodiacal sign. If the calc...

Biography of Rihanna

She began signing when she was seven with two of her classmates but it wasn’t until she was sixteen that she met Evan Rogers and began to work with him and moved out of Barbados. A year after moving to the states she was asked to meet with Jay-z at DefJam Records where she was offered a contract in February 2005. Working with DefJam records she was able to record her first album by the end of 2005. â€Å"Music of the sun† was released and Pon De Replay became her first widely known hit making it in to the top 5 singles for that year. Just about a year later she released album number two â€Å"A Girl Like Me†. Her song S. O. S. was her first number one hit and the album was ranked in the top five albums for the year. In May 2007 she released her third album â€Å"Good Girl Gone Bad† which won her a Grammy for best rap/collaboration for her number one hit Umbrella. This album also was known for three other number one hits including Don’t Stop the Music, Take a Bow, and Disturbia. Around two years later she released her fourth album â€Å"Rated R† which was the number one album on the Billboard Hot 100 albums for the year. Three of her songs from this album made it to the top ten singles including Russian Roulette, Hard, and Rude Boy. Under a year later she released â€Å"Loud† being one of her most popular albums and being known for her three number one singles Only Girl(In the World), Samp;M, and What’s My Name?. Finally her most recent album â€Å"Talk That Talk† was released in 2012 and is currently known for the number one single We Found Love. As of now we know that she is working on her seventh album which no information has been release about. She had been on four tours around the world and has one upcoming tour Diamonds World Tour which will be her biggest, longest tour yet. Rihanna often gives credit to her idols that all influenced her in different ways. The person she says influenced her the most would be Madonna saying â€Å"I want to be the Black Madonna. † She also has said that Whitney Houston, Beyonce, Bob Marley, Marilyn Monroe, Mariah Carey and Destiny’s child were very influential on her life becoming a successful artist in today’s music industry. Rihanna has become an influential person herself, having been and idol for Justin Bieber and Rita Ora, both younger artists. She has been named one of the most influential people in the world and ranks fourth in the most powerful celebrities. She has received many awards including five American Music awards, eighteen Billboard Music awards, two BRIT awards and 5 Grammys. She has had eleven number one singles on Billboards top 100 and was named Digital Artist for the 2000’s by Billboard Music as well. She is the highest selling digital artist of all time with 47,571,000 sold singles as of early 2012. Forbes reported that she earned a little over $82 million between May 2010 and May 2012 and she continues to expand on her career. Rihanna in known for her thought provoking music videos, many of them with under-lying meanings. Much like Madonna she incorporates substance abuse, domestic violence or love triangles into her videos. She also turns obscure situations into glitz and glamorous situations. Many of her videos and outfits have caused controversy because of the explicit content. Her live shows are known for her hip shaking, sex appeal, attitude, sexy outfits and over the top performances sometimes being quite risque. She has said that â€Å"These performances are all an act, that’s not me. That’s a part I play. You know it’s like a piece of art with all these toys and textures to play with. † In her early days she was a typical teen pop star but she easily shifted her appearance dramatically and continues to change frequently. By the time she released her â€Å"Good Girl Gone Bad† album she had completely shook the teen pop star image everyone had gave her. By 2008 she was named best dressed by Peoples magazine and was on Maxims Hot 100 for five consecutive years (2007-2011). In 2009 Glamour named her Woman of the year and she ranked seventeenth out of fifty in Most Glamorous Women. She also was named sexiest women alive in 2011 by Esquire. Not only is she an extremely successful music artist, she has had her share in acting as well. In 2006 she mad a cameo appearance in the movie Bring it On: All or Nothing. In 2012 she was seen in the movie Battleship as GM2 officer Cora Raikes and had another cameo appearance in The Katy Perry Movie. In the next two years she will be seen in End of the World and Happy Smekday. The successful Barbadian superstar started out as a typical teen pop singer and has made a huge name for herself, not only singing but acting as well. Attempting to turn herself into the â€Å"Black Madonna† it seems she has met her goal although she continues to do more with her career. After seven years and six albums Rihanna has become one of the most popular music artists not only in the USA but worldwide. She is one of the most influential celebrities for upcoming music artists in the industry today.

Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Speech - Essay Example 1SG Kittles-Joyner epitomizes the phrase moral courage, as she lets nothing stand in the way of what she believes to be right. She acted first and foremost in the best interest of the soldiers, and demonstrated a remarkable tenacity to get missions accomplished. For the past four years, 1SG Kittles-Joyner was in charge of the senior leadership course. During her tenure, 1SG Keyshun Kittles-Joyner won the admiration and respect of the cadre and students of the Academy. Her SLC team supported four ALC mobile training teams and supervised execution of Camp Semaphore for the Fiscal Year 2010. 1SG Kittles-Joyner was also selected as Vice President of the prestigious Fort Gordon Sergeant Audie Murphy Club in consecutive years due to her superior knowledge and leadership abilities. Additionally, she was selected by the Garrison CSM to be the First Sergeant for the Military Police Detachment. However, the Signal Corps needed her more and so she was selected over 27 MSGs to be the Branch Chie f of the senior leadership course, where she oversaw preparation and execution of the 25B, E, S, P, U, and the 25W CMF quality assurance assessments, in which all received an Institution of Excellence rating. She mentored, prepared, and coached five NCOs, one of whom won instructor of the quarter and another Post NCO of the quarter. She also developed a study group program that resulted in five students being inducted into the SAMC; this was the highest number inductees of any unit on Fort Gordon. She was awarded the Bronze Order of Mercury during the Signal Ball for her dedication to soldiers within the Signal Community and assisting seven of the cadres to be selected as Bronze Order Recipients. She was awarded the Presidential Volunteer Award by President Obama and the Appreciation Award from the Georgia National Youth Challenge Academy in recognition of more than 3,000 countless hours of community service supporting Augusta and its surrounding communities through mentoring youth. She received accolades as the guest speaker for several 447th Signal Battalion Graduation ceremonies, Pre-Command Briefs, and also a coin of Excellence from the French Signal Commanding General and the TRADOC CSM during command briefs. Her SLC team was commended by the Inspector General for its management of the Structured Self-Development Program. Her SLC team was also instrumental in returning the Army Physical Fitness Test for Height and Weight back to the NCO Education System. She was selected for the Dean's list at Strayer University in consecutive years for maintaining a GPA average of 3.84. She is also a devoted mother to her son, Tyrome Joyner Jr. 1SG Kittles-Joyner will be joining the 1st SC Army BDE in South Korea, where she will continue to serve others. She will be sorely missed, but it is now time for her to move onto bigger and better things.   Her presence will be missed here at the Academy, and we wish her and her family the very best as she heads out to South Kor ea and her next army adventure. However, as we say goodbye to one great 1SG, we welcome another in the form of 1SG Jiggets. He has come to the RNCOA with an excellent resume. Also, he is no stranger to Fort Gordon, having served as a 1SG for the C Company, 551st Signal Battalion. He, his wife Jennifer, and their son Robert and daughter Sheila will move across post into what I expect will be one of their most rewarding assignments. 1SG Jiggets is known throughout

TS Eliot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

TS Eliot - Essay Example Therefore, Eliot’s exertion on this particular poem has been considered commitment to religious poetic sensibility and spiritual consciousness. In the venerated poem, Eliot has emphasized on the significance of Magi’s journey to find baby Jesus, who is deemed to be Messiah. Thus, Magi’s spiritual quest; aimed to find a way for the emancipation of the world from materialism, has been depicted as uncertain. This uncertainty has been suggested as a core ingredient of conscious spiritism. Hence, Eliot has emphasized on the difficulties and persistent struggle a part of spiritual awakening, a way to attain spiritual identity (Eliot, 1953). Although, Eliot has been considered as an assorted leader of postmodern realism, but in this diverse piece; he has adapted a thought- evoking style and a vision of a spiritualist, who describes the impediments and bottleneck of the journey of redemption and inside gratification. His elusive style and bohemian repute called for sever e criticism on his Anglo-Catholic work. Thus, his former work earned him a repute of a non-believer of religion and their fundamental practices, and eventually a palpable critique of beliefs (Strandberg, 2002). In the journey of Magi, Eliot contemplated with the idea of human change, in terms of journey from physical being to spiritual beings, which was vague in the western world of 1920s. Thus, he depicted the struggle for divinity in the form of divine journey of accomplishment. In the age of secularism, Eliot identified the extinction and decline of spiritual survival. Therefore, he narrated his dogma through the eloquence of the quest for Messiah (Jesus). He regarded the need of a man to incline from the degeneration of modernism, which induced elopement of belief in man. Hence, through this belief which was found in the form of religious insight or realization; man was in a great need to revitalize spiritual consciousness. Moreover, pain and suffering which have been significan t parts of spiritual journey are disregarded by Eliot by the end of the poem due to uncertainty. Consequently, Eliot always felt that the religious beliefs were vanishing. Yet, he aimed to restore them in a narrative, which was not completely consistent on religious aspirations, but showed the uncertainty of human belief even in the presence of miracle. As change requires discarding of old beliefs and practices, hence, birth of Jesus and death of old beliefs and practices were depicted as infinite. However, the narrator describes his journey as excruciating and is in a consistent state of grief. Previously Eliot has depicted unworthiness towards the most prestigious earthly things in The Waste Land. Therefore, his famous unimpressive and un-charmed attitude towards charismatic ideology of modernism and skeptical view on the condition of modern man; was a first step towards the journey of spiritual identification (Eliot, 1990). Furthermore, he has also exemplified, how man and his li fe in society has been completely dominated by chaos. Eliot reflected the trauma stricken and despaired man due to the horrification of World War I, but along with it he also emphasized on man’s despair in not fulfilling the needs of his spiritual being. Spiritual being was marred due to the loss of faith and increased sterility of spiritual consciousness. In 1920’s the world turned around against religious fundamentalism of Victorianism and displayed eccentric manners in terms of vulgarity and expressiveness. Therefore, Western civilization collapsed

Maternal Bond in Toni Morrisons Beloved Essay -- Toni Morrison Belove

Maternal Bond in Toni Morrison's Beloved  Ã‚     Ã‚     The maternal bond between mother and kin is valued and important in all cultures.   Mothers and children are linked together and joined: physically, by womb and breast; and emotionally, by a sense of self and possession.   Once that bond is established, a mother will do anything for her child.   In the novel Beloved, the author, Toni Morrison, describes a woman, Sethe, who's bond is so strong she goes to great lengths to keep her children safe and protected from the evil that she knows.   She gave them the gift of life, then, adding to that, the joy of freedom.   Determined to shield them from the hell of slavery, she took drastic measures to keep them from that life.   But, in doing so, the bond that was her strength became her weakness, destroying the only thing she loved.   Slaves, in the United States, were denied everything -- all forms of identifying with the human race.   They were denied their freedom of life: the very right to appreciate and enjoy the beauty of nature in the world, it not being theirs to enjoy.   Additionally, they were denied the very way in which all humans identify themselves -- through the influence of others.   They were disallowed community and harmony among their peoples.   Children were taken from their mothers, and brothers from their sisters.   Dr. Kubitcheck says, ?Another crucial part of identity and culture, language, also has been lost to the slaves? (126).   Individual slaves were often placed on plantations with other slaves from different parts of Africa, speaking completely different languages, and thus having no way of communication between them.   ?Symbolically,? Kubitcheck says, ?slavery . . . obliterated African identity? (126).   Because... ...ing - the part of her that was clean? (251).   Sethe?s ?commitment to her children remains unshakable,? Kubitcheck says (123).   Though her actions were appalling and disgraceful according to the community, it was done with a sense of love and protection, so as not to break the maternal bond.   The bond between a mother and her child is beyond the grasp of words.   Toni Morrison, in Beloved, tries to take hold of it. Creating a character who is so consumed by her children being a measure of her worth, Morrison shows the strength of the maternal bond.   It is that which has the power to love something or someone with all one?s heart.   It is that love which, giving life, is strong enough to kill. Works Cited 1.   Kubitcheck, MD.   Toni Morrison: A Critical Companion.   London: Greenwood Press, 1998. 2.   Morrison, Toni.   Beloved.   New York: Plume, 1987.      

Pedagogical Techniques: Cognitive Disequilibrium an Goldilocks Principle

Cognitive Disequilibrium There will always be different kinds of intellects at classrooms. What are considered the worst students do not like to think through a problem or find out how a mechanism works, while some of the better students may understand the same concepts but do not think further about them once they are done learning what they had to learn. This is when the presence of a teacher asking them questions comes into play. A technique used to make students think further is called the cognitive disequilibrium. Cognitive disequilibrium is in charge of daring students to think of better ways why something works the way it does.The name itself points at imbalanced knowledge towards a certain topic. Let’s take for example a group of students leading an experiment where they are mostly sure of what the outcome will be. Their desire to find results that matches their theory will be biased, and if something in the experiment indicates their theory is not completely true ther e will be a moment of conflicting cognitions; this is what researchers call cognitive disequilibrium. Starting as early as the 1950’s, social psychologist Leon Festinger coined the term â€Å"cognitive dissonance† in his book When Prophecy Fails.At the same time, developmental psychologist Jean Piaget realized his work in cognitive developmental theory, including a close approach to cognitive dissonance. He conceptualized that as a child grows up, he will constantly be finding new information that will challenge the former beliefs he had, thus making an imbalance in cognition and making the child adapt to a new set of ideas (Colombo, 2002). This kind of conflict affects learning the same way it can affect the process of gathering information. Much like in research, theories can change drastically based on how big the changes are when finding new data.According to Chin and Brewer (1993) there are seven different forms of response to inconsistent information, the unpredi cted information that can possibly throw off one’s already learned knowledge: ignoring, rejecting, excluding, abeyance, reinterpreting, peripheral change, and theory change. Because of its ability to change theories and change our perception of beliefs, cognitive disequilibrium is not only a concept, but it also serves as a major pedagogical technique. In the context of educational psychology, cognitive disequilibrium can be used as a tool to defy students and their ideas.We can see instances where in class a teacher asks a student a question related to the material to see if the student is familiar with it, but that does not show understanding of the material. By asking more in-depth questions of why a student thinks he has the right answer or by asking about how he came about finding the answer we are solidifying a pathway that shows us why the answer is such. If there is not an exact pathway that could explain how one came to conclude that the answer is correct, there may be an error in between that could change the answer. In the case of our lecture class, Dr.Zola has made use of this technique in a couple of occasions to motivate students into thinking deeper about their answers to simple questions he makes. I remember at least one occasion where he asks a simple question about a student’s take on a subject, and when the student confidently answered, Dr. Zola asked follow-up questions that made the student rethink his response, and thus think better about his argument. Not only would he give follow-up questions, but introduce new ideas backed up by other researchers of prestige that could really change the way we think.The times he presents new information that unbalances our beliefs are just followed by very small pauses where we reconsider our ideas, until we have to discuss them with other students or we move ahead to new material. Every concept that we rethink due to new information presented should be given a good amount of time to brea k down what we know about the concept and build up a new conclusion in our minds. By giving us more time to think, we can further build up on the ideas on our mind and solidify the new concepts we are learning.Like I said before, we need to plan out a pathway that leads us to our concluding ideas or theories. Due to the fact that most of our work in lecture and discussion is based on partner or group talk; we need to be ready to give out our opinions on different matters with a solid argument. It is true that most of the concepts we learn about in lecture are somewhat familiar to us since we have dealt with them ourselves or we have seen people been affected by what researches have to say about cognitive development.However, it is always good to satisfy the need to learn more about different concepts by bringing up new information that will make us see the concept from a different angle. We need to be able to break down what we know about the concept, pick up the details that are st ill useful to us, get rid of the details that are no longer any useful, and accept the new details that will shape our concepts in different ways. Goldilocks Principle Another technique used by effective teachers deals with being able to assign tasks and assignments to students so that they fit their levels of skill or prior knowledge.The Goldilocks principle is appropriate for this, since it deals with finding the right level of difficulty materials that are given to students. Like Graesser mentioned it (2008), material that is too easy for the audience will be disregarded as it may seem repetitive from what the audience or students have learned before; if the material is too hard, students may find it too frustrating and will give up. This technique suggests that materials and assignments should not be too hard or too easy.At a right, constant level students will remain engaged with the material. This is related to what O’Donnell, Reeve, and Smith (2008) explained as Vygots ky’s â€Å"zone of proximal development† as the concept that tells us that a child should be taught at his own level of recent maturity. This means that a student shouldn’t be pushed to work the material as if he has already mastered it or been experienced with it, but that he should work the material as if he’s still practicing it. As Wolfe et al. 1998) demonstrated in their article a group of researchers from two different schools experiment how background knowledge can affect students’ ability to comprehend different materials given. In this experiment, students were given the task to learn about something of background knowledge to them; in this case, it was the functions if the human heart. Students were given the same material but in different reading levels. The researchers found out that little background knowledge on the topic made the students gain about as much knowledge as the students with major background knowledge did.In other words, students whose prior knowledge did not overlap enough with the contents of the text did not learn well but neither did students whose knowledge overlapped too much with the contents of the text. At the end of their research, they found out that â€Å"low-knowledge† students understood just as much as â€Å"high-knowledge† students when their material was customized for the highly coherent and detailed, just as when the material given to high-knowledge students was presented with coherent gaps that they had to fill in by themselves.This technique should be used in a classroom environment to reach for those students that are not fully engaged to the material given. In the classroom we could find different types of learners, but it is fair to say that under-challenged and over-challenged students make up most of the class. By finding a way to balance the material and presenting it in a way that is fully detailed for some and challenging for others the instructor will be able to have most, if not all of the class fully engaged. Based on what I have experienced in class, we can say that Dr. Zola has made good use of this technique. Dr.Zola is letting his students use their own background knowledge to fill in gaps in the knowledge of other students through discussion. By bringing up questions that almost everybody is familiar with, but that everybody has a different take on, the discussions amongst students can last for a good while, and students always end up learning from each other when sharing stories and background knowledge. After all, there are several ways to keep a variety of learners engaged in the classroom, as by having discussions to keep the class active, integrating other fields in the material, stimulating the senses of the audience, etc.These last mentioned only keep the class active, and hopefully everybody engaged, but as a teacher one must still work on filling those gaps that some students may have about the material being learned . References Colombo, J. (2002) Infant Attention Grows up: The Emergence of a Developmental CognitiveNeuroscience Perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science  , Vol. 11, No. 6 (Dec. , 2002), pp. 196-200. Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org/stable/20182811 Wolfe, M. W. , Schreiner, M. E. , Rehder, B. , Lahman, D. , Folts, P. W. , Kintsch, W. , & Landaure, T. K. (1998).Learning From Text: Matching Readers and Text by Latent Semantic Analysis. Discourse Processes, 25(2/3), 309-336. Graesser (2008). 25 Learning Principles to Guide Pedagogy and the Design of Learning Environments. Life Long Learning at Work and at Home. Retrieved from http://psyc. memphis. edu/learning O’Donnell, A. , Reeve, J. , Smith, F. (2008) Educational Psychology: Reflection for Action. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Chinn, C. A. , & Brewer, W. F. (1993). The role of anomalous data in knowledge acquisition: A theoretical Framework and implications for.. Review of Educational Research, 63(1) , 1. Pedagogical Techniques: Cognitive Disequilibrium an Goldilocks Principle Cognitive Disequilibrium There will always be different kinds of intellects at classrooms. What are considered the worst students do not like to think through a problem or find out how a mechanism works, while some of the better students may understand the same concepts but do not think further about them once they are done learning what they had to learn. This is when the presence of a teacher asking them questions comes into play. A technique used to make students think further is called the cognitive disequilibrium. Cognitive disequilibrium is in charge of daring students to think of better ways why something works the way it does.The name itself points at imbalanced knowledge towards a certain topic. Let’s take for example a group of students leading an experiment where they are mostly sure of what the outcome will be. Their desire to find results that matches their theory will be biased, and if something in the experiment indicates their theory is not completely true ther e will be a moment of conflicting cognitions; this is what researchers call cognitive disequilibrium. Starting as early as the 1950’s, social psychologist Leon Festinger coined the term â€Å"cognitive dissonance† in his book When Prophecy Fails.At the same time, developmental psychologist Jean Piaget realized his work in cognitive developmental theory, including a close approach to cognitive dissonance. He conceptualized that as a child grows up, he will constantly be finding new information that will challenge the former beliefs he had, thus making an imbalance in cognition and making the child adapt to a new set of ideas (Colombo, 2002). This kind of conflict affects learning the same way it can affect the process of gathering information. Much like in research, theories can change drastically based on how big the changes are when finding new data.According to Chin and Brewer (1993) there are seven different forms of response to inconsistent information, the unpredi cted information that can possibly throw off one’s already learned knowledge: ignoring, rejecting, excluding, abeyance, reinterpreting, peripheral change, and theory change. Because of its ability to change theories and change our perception of beliefs, cognitive disequilibrium is not only a concept, but it also serves as a major pedagogical technique. In the context of educational psychology, cognitive disequilibrium can be used as a tool to defy students and their ideas.We can see instances where in class a teacher asks a student a question related to the material to see if the student is familiar with it, but that does not show understanding of the material. By asking more in-depth questions of why a student thinks he has the right answer or by asking about how he came about finding the answer we are solidifying a pathway that shows us why the answer is such. If there is not an exact pathway that could explain how one came to conclude that the answer is correct, there may be an error in between that could change the answer. In the case of our lecture class, Dr.Zola has made use of this technique in a couple of occasions to motivate students into thinking deeper about their answers to simple questions he makes. I remember at least one occasion where he asks a simple question about a student’s take on a subject, and when the student confidently answered, Dr. Zola asked follow-up questions that made the student rethink his response, and thus think better about his argument. Not only would he give follow-up questions, but introduce new ideas backed up by other researchers of prestige that could really change the way we think.The times he presents new information that unbalances our beliefs are just followed by very small pauses where we reconsider our ideas, until we have to discuss them with other students or we move ahead to new material. Every concept that we rethink due to new information presented should be given a good amount of time to brea k down what we know about the concept and build up a new conclusion in our minds. By giving us more time to think, we can further build up on the ideas on our mind and solidify the new concepts we are learning.Like I said before, we need to plan out a pathway that leads us to our concluding ideas or theories. Due to the fact that most of our work in lecture and discussion is based on partner or group talk; we need to be ready to give out our opinions on different matters with a solid argument. It is true that most of the concepts we learn about in lecture are somewhat familiar to us since we have dealt with them ourselves or we have seen people been affected by what researches have to say about cognitive development.However, it is always good to satisfy the need to learn more about different concepts by bringing up new information that will make us see the concept from a different angle. We need to be able to break down what we know about the concept, pick up the details that are st ill useful to us, get rid of the details that are no longer any useful, and accept the new details that will shape our concepts in different ways. Goldilocks Principle Another technique used by effective teachers deals with being able to assign tasks and assignments to students so that they fit their levels of skill or prior knowledge.The Goldilocks principle is appropriate for this, since it deals with finding the right level of difficulty materials that are given to students. Like Graesser mentioned it (2008), material that is too easy for the audience will be disregarded as it may seem repetitive from what the audience or students have learned before; if the material is too hard, students may find it too frustrating and will give up. This technique suggests that materials and assignments should not be too hard or too easy.At a right, constant level students will remain engaged with the material. This is related to what O’Donnell, Reeve, and Smith (2008) explained as Vygots ky’s â€Å"zone of proximal development† as the concept that tells us that a child should be taught at his own level of recent maturity. This means that a student shouldn’t be pushed to work the material as if he has already mastered it or been experienced with it, but that he should work the material as if he’s still practicing it. As Wolfe et al. 1998) demonstrated in their article a group of researchers from two different schools experiment how background knowledge can affect students’ ability to comprehend different materials given. In this experiment, students were given the task to learn about something of background knowledge to them; in this case, it was the functions if the human heart. Students were given the same material but in different reading levels. The researchers found out that little background knowledge on the topic made the students gain about as much knowledge as the students with major background knowledge did.In other words, students whose prior knowledge did not overlap enough with the contents of the text did not learn well but neither did students whose knowledge overlapped too much with the contents of the text. At the end of their research, they found out that â€Å"low-knowledge† students understood just as much as â€Å"high-knowledge† students when their material was customized for the highly coherent and detailed, just as when the material given to high-knowledge students was presented with coherent gaps that they had to fill in by themselves.This technique should be used in a classroom environment to reach for those students that are not fully engaged to the material given. In the classroom we could find different types of learners, but it is fair to say that under-challenged and over-challenged students make up most of the class. By finding a way to balance the material and presenting it in a way that is fully detailed for some and challenging for others the instructor will be able to have most, if not all of the class fully engaged. Based on what I have experienced in class, we can say that Dr. Zola has made good use of this technique. Dr.Zola is letting his students use their own background knowledge to fill in gaps in the knowledge of other students through discussion. By bringing up questions that almost everybody is familiar with, but that everybody has a different take on, the discussions amongst students can last for a good while, and students always end up learning from each other when sharing stories and background knowledge. After all, there are several ways to keep a variety of learners engaged in the classroom, as by having discussions to keep the class active, integrating other fields in the material, stimulating the senses of the audience, etc.These last mentioned only keep the class active, and hopefully everybody engaged, but as a teacher one must still work on filling those gaps that some students may have about the material being learned . References Colombo, J. (2002) Infant Attention Grows up: The Emergence of a Developmental CognitiveNeuroscience Perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science  , Vol. 11, No. 6 (Dec. , 2002), pp. 196-200. Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org/stable/20182811 Wolfe, M. W. , Schreiner, M. E. , Rehder, B. , Lahman, D. , Folts, P. W. , Kintsch, W. , & Landaure, T. K. (1998).Learning From Text: Matching Readers and Text by Latent Semantic Analysis. Discourse Processes, 25(2/3), 309-336. Graesser (2008). 25 Learning Principles to Guide Pedagogy and the Design of Learning Environments. Life Long Learning at Work and at Home. Retrieved from http://psyc. memphis. edu/learning O’Donnell, A. , Reeve, J. , Smith, F. (2008) Educational Psychology: Reflection for Action. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Chinn, C. A. , & Brewer, W. F. (1993). The role of anomalous data in knowledge acquisition: A theoretical Framework and implications for.. Review of Educational Research, 63(1) , 1.

Self Evaluation Influences Leadership Development

Self-Evaluation influences Leadership Development Across the years, humans have kept their baby photos, their yearbooks, the letter from a friend, and their first checkbook safely. Usually, they do this because it gives a timeline of where a person has been and where they are now. For some, this method of self-assessing can be rewarding, yet for others, this process may be daunting if they are not at the level they had hoped. According to Dye (2010), values-driven leaders are self-assessors. In essence, leaders understand that their actions are being observed; therefore, they need to know themselves with the dual intention of personal development and professional achievement (Dye, 2010). In fact, outstanding leaders have an exceptionally†¦show more content†¦However, the results of a self-evaluation process can allow a leader to commence a personal development plan that is goal oriented and focused on exceptional leadership skills (Zenger Folkman, 2013). In fact, per Kozak (2014), the process of self-evaluation and self-as sessment, helps a leader become a better leader because it brings forth guidance and knowledge about traits, strengths, and most importantly, weaknesses that can be developed into strengths. Conquering the ability of self-evaluating may lead to increased confidence, â€Å"trust and credibility by others and an improvement of emotional, social intelligence and self†esteem† (Kozak, 2014). Self-Evaluation correlates with Self Esteem. Speaking of self-esteem, one of the true values in self-evaluation is the value of oneself as a person (Kozak, 2014). In essence, being cognizant of the own strengths will improve self†esteem and confidence (Kozak, 2014). A self-confident leader can lead in meaningful ways. According to Brown, Dutton, and Cook (2001), high self-esteem people use a variety of strategies to protect and rebuild feelings of self-worth. On the other hand, self-assessment can also lead to identifying significant gaps that can then lower self-esteem. Therefore, it is important to understand that self†esteem does not correlate automatically to better performance of oneself (Kozak, 2014). Personally, the self-evaluation processShow MoreRelatedThe Planning Phase Of A Annual Expectation818 Words   |  4 Pageseveryone year around (Responsible Conduct in Research Mentoring, n.d.). Plan and organize leadership groups to continue their ongoing leadership developments; this activity allows leaders to listen to the other leaders thinking and ideas. The meeting will discuss the experiences that we as leaders have encountered since maybe the last session, expressing the rewards and non-rewards from the experience. 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Learning Systems And The Education System - 1228 Words

In the past, the learning system was non complex. Students invariably learned in classrooms. They would learn from and be educated by their teacher and grasped other facts from textbooks. The teachers would ask them questions and students would answer them to display they understood. Other information about other parts of the world, they learned from books. Throughout the years, the learning system changed. Issues or flaws in the system were addressed and improved. Different learning systems that were superior were invented for the purpose of improving the education of students. Every time the learning system surpasses the others, the students and world’s education exceeds. The quick changes and the increase of difficulties of the current world causes new challenges and needs of improvement in our education system. The American education system in the past and present has changed because of the issues and flaws found in it, because of those issues, the students do not have the knowledge they are required to have in college or a successful career.We are realizing we have to change the way our learning system functions to fit the way the world is now. To overcome the difficulties in our learning system, we have to look at the problems and how to improve it. Any strategies we use must deal with the multiple factors that affect the education system, the influence of its part, and the complicated interdependencies within it and its environment. The learning system in the presentShow MoreRelatedLearning Systems And The Education System1228 Words   |  5 Pagesthe past, the learning system was really simple. Students always learned in classrooms. They would learn from and be taught by their teacher and grasped other facts from textbooks. The teachers would ask them questions and students would answer them to show they understood. Other information about other parts of the world, they learned from books. Throughout the years, the learning system changed. Issues or flaws in the system were addressed and improved. Different learning systems that were betterRead MoreThe Education System And The Learning Process1608 Words   |  7 Pagescharacter in the education system and the learning process. Her revolutionary philosophy on learning and how it should be introduced works so well that it is still being used over a hundred years after she invented it in 1907. She was born in 1870 and went to an all boys technical school to be a n engineer. After that, Maria tried for the University of Rome to become a medical professional but was rejected. She later became a teacher, physician and innovator who discovered the use of learning by buildingRead MoreWhy Learning Is The Core Of The Education System1730 Words   |  7 PagesLearning is the core of the education system and one of the most important activities needed for a child’s development. Philosophers and psychologists such as B.F Skinner (1948) have†¯been working for many years†¯trying to understand how learning occurs and how teaching styles can have an effect on said learning. There are many different learning theories†¯which provide an†¯understanding†¯on how†¯students absorb, process and retain information†¯during learning. Due to the observational and experimentalRead MoreEducation As A System Of Empowering Learning And Securing Of Data1144 Words   |  5 PagesEducation is portrayed as a system of empowering le arning and securing of data. Education happens under the course of an educator. The English word philosophy begins from the Greek word philosophia - which implies way. African Philosophy is described as the way Africans think when in doubt, experiences and nearness. It is a thinking that respects African universe of view. Enlightening Philosophy uses speculative, insightful and consistent gadgets to clear up the suggestions and to consider theRead MoreLearning Inner Workings Of The United States Education System1102 Words   |  5 Pageshow the United States education system works, what drives a teacher, and what makes a teacher effective. This explication will focus on the three educational areas that have made the biggest impact on me this semester. A major factor I have taken away this semester is learning inner workings of the United States education system. I learned how it was a system that was not meant to benefit everyone. In its early states, only young white males received an education. This system was constantly revampedRead MoreTeaching And Learning Environments At The New Zealand Education System Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesTeaching and learning is a pivotal process that is constantly evolving. The previous notions of education being about an expert in the field teaching those who do not know, are being challenged with the belief that students should be prepared for jobs that do not yet exist, using technology that isn’t yet invented and solving problems that we have not yet faced. This new stance on learning has initiated the upheaval of the New Zealand education system with the reformatting of many schools into modernRead MoreCooperative Learning Should Be Considered The Natural Progression Of The America n Education System1611 Words   |  7 PagesCooperative learning should be considered the natural progression of the American education system. Traditional education techniques place students in a competitive atmosphere. Cooperative learning requires students to work together to achieve success. A democratic method for a democratic society. Cooperative learning does not allow for a single winner, instead through group efforts, each student’s strengths help the collective achieve success. This paper will address the history of cooperative learningRead MoreA Brief Note On Abolish Grading And The American Education System Values Grades And Test Scores More Than Students Value Learning847 Words   |  4 Pagesmuch as I can in this class.† So why should the system that educators believe works and have used for so long change? The American education system values grades and test scores more than students value learning. Teachers expect their students to work hard for good grades and achieve the highest possible test scores on standardized test. If all teachers are concerned about is the grades their students are getting and not whether or not they are learning the material being taught to them. They can’tRead MoreThe Rigidness of the Higher Educational System1032 Words   |  5 PagesIn todays society, the higher education system has been a very controversial topic for many years. There are many problems that people have with the higher education system in America. People have questioned its tactics and debated the pros and cons of the higher education system. One of the many problems that higher education presents is that learning is linear. Many educators do not go into further detail with their lesson. Most teachers and professors in colleges have a set plan, and this isRead MoreA Brief Note On Open And Distance Learning1729 Words   |  7 Pages1.0 Introduction Open and Distance Learning has become a force to be reckoned with and is contributing immensely to both social and economic development and has become an accepted as an indispensable part of the mainstream of educational system both in developing as well as in the developed countries with particular emphasis for the former. This growth has been the result of the interest that has been evinced both by the trainers as well as the educators in the use of new, Internet-based and multimedia

Article Critique Of The State University - 1505 Words

Quantitative Article Critique Jimi Bryen Southwestern Oklahoma State University Introduction to the Study The article I am critiquing is Peripheral IV Factors Affecting Complications and Patency-A Randomized Controlled Trial. The purpose of this study was a randomized controlled trial to see if there is a correlation of the effective length of time an intravenous catheter could be used based on a simple saline flush or a heparin flush with and with out splints. The length of time the IV catheter could be left in a patient has a direct correlation with the fluids as well as medications used and the effectiveness of a splint on the body of the individuals within the study. The study is important to create the perfect factors of keeping an IV catheter in the patient for the longest amount of time that is safely possible, which will correlate with a reduced number of actual times the patient has to have an IV catheter inserted which causes prolonged pain for the patient. The problem with this is although the length of time was increased when the heparin was used in- conjunction with a splint there was a higher incidence of injury for the patient, the intravenous infiltrates were going longer with out being noticed. This causing injury and damage to the patients. The researchers had a good theory. To find the longest possible allowed time to leave an IV catheter in the patient, to cause less pain, while trying to keep the infiltrates at a minimum causing the leastShow MoreRelatedStudy Drugs1267 Words   |  6 PagesStudents in America want to perform well during their school time, so they have a chance of getting a scholarship at best universities in the country. A lot of young Americans spend all their nights preparing for exams, because they can’t do it in the afternoon due to their sports and social life. Therefore many a night are spend studying hard for exams, so the teacher will not fail them and by that prevent them from getting their dream education. However, this tight and packed schedule causes theRead MoreArticle Critique On How Trust And Its Blocks Are Important Inside The Organizational938 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: ARTICLE CRITIQUE 1 Article Critique Supriya Chigurupati Full Sail University ARTICLE CRITIQUE 2 Introduction Trust within an organization has proven to produce many benefits for the organization. Benetyte, D., Jatuliaviciene, G. state teams with trust possibly make it trouble-free to gain and apply the command to difficult tasks in all organizations and in order to build trust, it is necessary to gain knowledge on how to build trust. This sets the context for the more specific researchRead MoreGive People Shares Of Gdp1551 Words   |  7 PagesGive People Shares of GDP Summary The articles gives a compares a country to a corporation . In order to finance its operations, a corporation uses a combination of debt and equity. While countries rely only on Debt. The author therefore propose that countries should act like corporations and also issue shares to the public. The authors call this country shares Trills. The author ¬ strongly agree to the fact that if countries replace debt with earnings of their economies, it will help a long wayRead MoreArticle Critique Of Prison Privatization967 Words   |  4 Pages Article Critiques of Prison Privatization Tammy Martin Liberty University Abstract The following paper will examine two articles pertaining to prison privatization, and the reasons for advocacy for prison privatization, or for the opposition of prison privatization. Three authors write the first article examined the authors are Shaun Genter, Gregory Hooks, and Clayton Mosher. The article is entitled â€Å"Prisons, jobs and privatization: The impact of prisons on employment growth inRead MoreJournal of Teacher Education Critique Essay1366 Words   |  6 Pagesis to critique issue 64 volume 3 of 2011. This paper is organized so that description of information is presented about the authors, institutions and topics of each paper, then a synthesis of the teacher education articles, and finally implications for the field of teacher education. Description This journal issue included seven total articles; four were research articles, two were literature reviews and one was an editorial. A total of seventeen authors were represented in the articles. SixRead MoreNur518 R7 Quantitative Article Analysis Worksheet Nc Essay1065 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿University of Phoenix Material Quantitative Article Analysis Worksheet Analyze and critique a quantitative nursing research article from a nursing research journal published within the past five years. Include 3 scholarly references—the article, the text, and one outside source. Use the Guidelines for Quantitative Nursing Research Critique to complete the following steps: 1. State the purpose of the study and identify the problem. Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) often require enteralRead MoreEvaluation Of A Research Article From A Professional Journal Using A Critiquing Framework1480 Words   |  6 Pagesof this assignment is to critically review a research article extracted from a professional journal using a critiquing framework. The essay will attempt to analyse and evaluate the validity and rigour of the research study and will unitise the critiquing framework for quantitative research papers devised by (Steen and Roberts, 2011, p56-57), while also taking time to reflect upon the research study’s value and influence on practice. The article ‘Women’s perception of the term ‘obstetrician’ (KenyonRead MoreQuantitative Critique Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE 1 Quantitative Research Critique By Elisabeth Bryant A Paper Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for NU 533 Advanced Nursing Research University of South Alabama College of Nursing Spring 2011 QUANTITATIVE CRITIQUE 2 Quantitative Research Critique This is a critique of the quantitative research article titled Influence of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes on Gluconeogenesis and Glucose Output in Humans studied by Amelia GastaldelliRead MoreCritique Steps (Understanding Quantitative Research)1258 Words   |  6 PagesOUTLINE OF BASIC CRITIQUE STEPS (understanding quantitative research): Brink and Wood (1994), and Burnes and Groves (1997), similarly describe the steps for quantitative nursing research process and methods. The authors include not only the basic steps to conduct nursing studies, but also translating the studies into articles for publication. According to Burnes Groves (1997), and Hamric and Spross (1992), the quantitative research method is used to describe or gain more information, test relationshipsRead MoreCultural Intelligence1554 Words   |  7 Pagesin effective leadership by developing his overall perspective and repertoire (Ang, 2004). Ward, Fischer, Zaid Lam, Hall article Ward and his colleagues argued that CQ offered a theoretical encroachment in the study of transition of cross culture and adaptation and a range of applications are lent and including assignments related to overseas and training. These critiques have the suggestion not only on the CQ scores validity but also for the evaluation of the CQ research contribution to the

Effects of Slavery on America Free Essays

Effects of Slavery on American History Andrew Avila US History 1301 Dr. Raley April 18, 2013 The U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Slavery on America or any similar topic only for you Order Now Constitution is primarily based on compromise between larger and smaller states, and more importantly, between northern and southern states. One major issue of the northern and southern states throughout American history is the topic of slavery. Although agreements such as the Three-Fifths Compromise in 1787, and the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 were adapted to reduce and outlaw slavery, it took many years for slavery to be completely abolished and allow blacks the freedom they had been longing for. The Three-Fifths Compromise was a agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia in which three-fifths of states’ slaves would be counted as representation regarding distribution of taxes and apportionment of members to the House of Representatives[1]. This meant that slave owners would be taxed on the number of slaves they owned as well as states receiving representation for the allotted 3/5, or â€Å"Federal ratio,† of slaves owned. During the Continental Congress of 1783, a committee was appointed to decide upon a method to be integrated in the Articles of Confederation to prevent states from ignoring their fair share of the tax burden. The proposed fix was to tax based on population rather than property value. Delegates who opposed slavery only wanted to count all free inhabitants of each state, while supporters of slavery wanted to count all slaves for representation purposes only and not for taxation. Being that southern states were heavily populated with slaves, naturally, northern states feared that the south would gain a political upper-hand and become extremely powerful[2]. Seeing such opposition from northern and southern states, representatives James Wilson and Roger Sherman came up with a plan that stemmed from the one proposed at the Continental Congress. The Three-Fifths Compromise, which was designed to meet the demands of both sides, gave the south their much anticipated representation, while easing the fears of the north of being politically overpowered by the south[3]. After the Virginia Plan was rejected, the Three-Fifths Compromise seemed to guarantee more political power to the south. As a result, southern states dominated the Presidency and Speakership of the House. While the south gained more representation because of the higher ownership of slaves, the north gained very little. However, the longterm results of the Three-Fifths Compromise did not work well to the southern states’ advantage[4]. The increased importation of slaves to the south upset the north leading to the Missouri Compromise. The Missouri Compromise prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the 36o 30’. By 1820, the northern states began to grow faster than southern states resulting in the fall from southern representation in the House of Representatives. The Three-Fifths Compromise paved the way for the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 which outlaws slavery. However, the Thirteenth Amendment was meant to guarantee slavery. In 1863, Abraham Lincoln issued an Emancipation Proclamation declaring that any people held as slaves would be free[5]. Many people questioned the validity of the Proclamation as well as President Lincoln’s power. Because President Lincoln failed to mention that slaves in the loyalist states would be free in the Proclamation, many doubted the effect would last beyond restoration of the states[6]. Although the Emancipation Proclamation declared that slaves would be free, it did not actually free any slaves in border states nor did it abolish slavery. President Lincoln and other supporters decided it was necessary to include an amendment to the Constitution abolishing slavery. The Thirteenth Amendment was the first amendment proposed in 60 years. The Thirteenth Amendment was the only slavery-related bill to oppose and abolish slavery while other bills protected slavery[7]. Eventually, the bill was taken to the Senate and passed on April 8, 1864. Although the bill was passed as an effort to keep the country united, it was stopped from being ratified as the south began to secede and the Union dissolved. This prevented the bill from becoming an actual law. President Lincoln took active measures to get the proposed bill on the Republican Party platform for the 1864 presidential election. After several months of debate, the bill finally reached the two-thirds vote on January 31, 1865, although the signed amendment’s archival copy states the bill was passed February 1, 1865[8]. After the approval of the Thirteenth Amendment, Congress passed four statutes known as the Reconstruction Acts. The Reconstruction Congress was required to pass two laws that implemented the Thirteenth Amendment[9]. The first was the Civil Rights Act declaring that freed slaves were allowed to enjoy the same rights as white people. This law made it a crime on the federal level to deprived freed slaves of these rights. The second was the Anti-Peonage Act of 1867 which made the holding of any person as a slave unlawful[10]. The Thirteenth Amendment completed the abolition of slavery in the United States. The process to abolish slavery began with President Lincoln’s issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. Although the Thirteenth Amendment outlaws slavery and involuntary servitude, officials had to selectively enforce laws such as vagrancy forcing blacks to be subject to involuntary servitude. The southern states’ attitudes towards abolition made it nearly impossible for blacks to shake being ex-slaves. After the abolition of slavery, life for Black Americans got even more difficult before it could get better. Public beatings and lynchings became and everyday occurrence through â€Å"white supremacy groups† such as the Ku Klux Klan. Segregation between whites and blacks had become widespread at the time as well. Many blacks found it difficult to survive off the poor wages they received and terrible living situations. Slavery was not legal or illegal until each individual state made it so. Up until that point, slavery was an accepted common law practice. However, after slavery was declared illegal in individual states and had been outlawed, many slave owners, and slaves alike, needed to adjust to the newly acquired changes. Needless to say, this was a change that would take many years to adapt to. To this day, these movements are still discussed as the judicial system . Many people still do not support the abolition of slavery. The United States Constitution states that slavery and involuntary servitude are illegal unless ordered by the court. However, this does not mean that any individual may own a slave. This simply means that if a person is convicted of a crime, said person may be ordered to prison or community service. This however does not mean that there are absolutely no cases of slavery in America today. Although in slightly different form, slavery still exists today despite the trial and error endured by the American government to abolish slavery in its entirety. Slavery today is known as human trafficking. Not only does human trafficking include involuntary servitude and forced labor, but various other acts that are to be carried out by those who are being held as slaves. Human trafficking is one of the biggest crimes committed today. Throughout history many measures have been taken to prohibit and outlaw slavery. However, documents such as the Three-Fifths Compromise and the Thirteenth Amendment were two of the major stepping stones in the direction of abolishing slavery. The issue of slavery has been around since the beginning of the United States and has undergone many changes over time. With agreements such as the Three-Fifths Compromise and the Thirteenth Amendment, slavery was able to be decreased and eventually abolished. Bibliography Peter Robinson. Uncommon Knowledge: A Slave to the System? Thomas Jefferson and Slavery. Hoover Institution, 2009. Garry Wills. â€Å"Negro President†: Jefferson and the Slave Power. Houghton Mifflin Company. New York, 2003. Herman Belz. Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era. New York, 1978. Michael Vorenberg. Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment. Cambridge University Press, 2001. Report of the Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice. The House Joint Resolution proposing the 13th amendment to the Constitution, January 31, 1865; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1999; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives Harp Weekly. Ratification and Results. 2008. Oman Nathan. Specific Performance and the Thirteenth Amendment. Minnesota Law Review, Forthcoming. 2008. Unknown Author. â€Å"The Slavery Compromises†. University of Louisiana-Lafayette Computing Support Services. Unknown Date. Gilder Lehrman Institute. The Three-Fifths Compromise. Digital History. 2013. ———————- [1] Gilder Lehrman Institute. The Three-Fifths Compromise. Digital History. 2013. [2] Peter Robinson. Uncommon Knowledge: A Slave to the System? Thomas Jefferson and Slavery. Hoover Institution, 2009. [3] Unknown Author. â€Å"The Slavery Compromises†. University of Louisiana-Lafayette Computing Support Services. Unknown Date [4] Peter Rob inson. Uncommon Knowledge: A Slave to the System? Thomas Jefferson and Slavery. Hoover Institution, 2009. [5] Herman Belz. Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era. New York, 1978. 6] Michael Vorenberg. Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment. Cambridge University Press, 2001. [7] 3Herman Belz. Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era. New York, 1978. [8] 3Herman Belz. Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era. New York, 1978. [9] Oman Nathan. Specific Performance and the Thirteenth Amendment. Minnesota Law Review, Forthcoming. 2008. [10] Oman Nathan. Specific Performance and the Thirteenth Amendment. Minnesota Law Review, Forthcoming. 2008. How to cite Effects of Slavery on America, Papers